The Huanghe River is said to be the cradle of Chinese
civilization. Many regional cultures that have developed over thousands of
years in the Huanghe and Yangtze River basins have enriched Chinese
civilization in many ways. Chinese civilization is one of the most primitive
civilizations in the world with a continuous history of several thousand years.
For this reason, Chinese civilization is said to be one of the birthplaces of
human civilization. Written and accepted history is found from 1500 BC to the
Shang Dynasty of China (1600 to 1046 BC). References to the Sia Empire are
found in ancient history texts such as the Record of the Grand Historian (100
BC) and the Bamboo Annals. From that time until the time of the Shang Dynasty,
the Chinese did not know any way to preserve any written document for a long
time.
The Huanghe River is said to be the cradle of Chinese
civilization. Many regional cultures that have developed over thousands of
years in the Huanghe and Yangtze River basins have enriched Chinese
civilization in many ways. Chinese civilization is one of the most primitive
civilizations in the world with a continuous history of several thousand years.
For this reason, Chinese civilization is said to be one of the birthplaces of
human civilization. Written and accepted history is found from 1500 BC to the
Shang Dynasty of China (1600 to 1046 BC). References to the Sia Empire are
found in ancient history texts such as the Record of the Grand Historian (100
BC) and the Bamboo Annals. From that time until the time of the Shang Dynasty,
the Chinese did not know any way to preserve any written document for a long
time.
During the Zhou Dynasty (1046 to 256 BC), Chinese culture, literature, and philosophy flourished. From the 8th century BC, the Zhou rulers began to succumb to various internal and external pressures and at one time split into several smaller kingdoms. This decaying state begins in the Spring and Autumn periods and is completed during the Warring States period. This period was one of the "failed state regimes" in Chinese history. The last time this failed state was in 1927 during the Chinese Civil War.
During the reigns of many states and warlords, the Chinese
dynasties ruled a part of China. Whose borders extended to present-day Xinjiang
and Tibet. In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang united the various warring kingdoms to form
a small "empire" (Huangdi) of the Qin Dynasty, beginning in the
history of the Chinese Empire. Subsequent dynasties established a system of
public administration that gradually helped establish the Chinese emperor's
control over the vast territory of China at that time. The last empire in China
was the Qing Dynasty (1644 to 1912), which was overthrown in 1912, the Republic
of China, and in 1949, the People's Republic of China.
Old Stone Age
One million years ago, in prehistoric times, a species of human
named Homo erectus lived on Chinese soil. Recent research has shown that the
stone tools found in Xiaochanglian are 1.36 million years old. Evidence of the
use of fire by Homo erectus has been found at the site of Xihoudu in Sanjhi
Province, which is 1.27 million years old. Archaeological excavations at
Yuanmou have revealed evidence of ancient human habitation. The most famous of
these is the skeleton of the ancient man of Homo erectus, found in 1923-27,
known as the so-called Peking man. Fossilized teeth of Homo sapiens found in
Fuyan Cave and Dao County in Hunan Province are found to be between 125,000 and
80,000 BC.
The Great Wall
The wall was built to protect China's northern border from
the 5th century BC to the 16th century. The first Chinese emperor Shi Huang Di
started building this wall. The total length of this wall is 21,196 km. Height
5 to 8 feet. Nomadic peoples lived in some small kingdoms on the northern
border of ancient China. They often invaded Chinese territory. The Chinese
emperors built walls at different times to prevent them from entering. The
Great Wall is located from Shanghai Pass to Lopnur.
Sia Empire (2100 BC to 1600 BC)
The Sia Empire (2100 BC to 1600 BC) is the oldest documented
history of the ancient Chinese rulers. Evidence of this can be found in Sima
Qian's "Records of Grand Historian" and "Bamboo Analysis".
However, there is disagreement among archaeologists as to whether this dynasty
really existed. However, there is some reliable evidence of the existence of
this dynasty. In the 2nd century BC, Sima Qian wrote that the Sia Empire ruled
China around 2200 BC. Although this information could not be doubted. Most
archaeologists consider the Sia dynasty to be related to its Li Thou and Henan.
A bronze smelter built in 2000 BC has been found excavating the soil. Some of
the pottery found contains some ancient symbols which are believed to be the
original form of modern Chinese characters.
You the Great is the best ruler of the dynasty. He made
significant contributions to the flood by digging canals. According to
mythology, this dynasty was wiped out in the battle of Mingtiao around 1600 BC.
